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Wonders of the real world

Wonders of cats

Cats (the domestic cat, Felis catus)

The real cat by the fire

Cats have lived with people for thousands of years. Here are three true things about them.

Champion sleepers

How long a cat sleeps each day varies. It is usually between 12 and 16 hours, and 13 to 14 hours is the average.

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Feet first

During a long fall, a cat twists and turns itself the right way up, without thinking, so that it lands on its feet.

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No sweet tooth

Domestic and wild cats share a change in a taste gene. It stops their sweet taste buds from picking up sugary molecules, so they cannot taste sweetness.

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After dark

Seeing and feeling in the dark

Cats have excellent night vision. A cat can see at one sixth of the light that a person needs to see. At the back of its eyes is a layer called the tapetum lucidum. It reflects light that has passed through the eye back into it again, which makes the eye more sensitive in dim light. That is partly why a cat's eyes seem to shine at night. Cats also have dozens of whiskers that they can move. Most of them are on the face. The whiskers are very sensitive to touch, and they tell the cat how wide a gap is and where things are in the dark.

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First friends

How cats came to live with people

For a long time, people thought cats were first tamed in ancient Egypt, where cats were honoured from around 3100 BCE. But advances in archaeology and genetics have shown that the taming of cats began in the Near East, around 7500 BCE. Scientists think African wildcats came to early farming villages because of mice, and were tamed by the farmers. The earliest known sign of a tamed African wildcat was found near a grave on the island of Cyprus, from about 7500 to 7200 BCE. There is no evidence of wild cats native to Cyprus, so the people there most likely brought African wildcats from the mainland of West Asia.

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Three remarkable wild cats

African wildcat

Felis lybica

The African wildcat is the ancestor of the domestic cat. Its fur is light sandy grey, sometimes with a pale yellow or reddish tint. It is active mainly at night, when it hunts mice, rats, birds, reptiles and insects.

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Sand cat

Felis margarita

The sand cat lives in sandy and stony deserts, far from water. It gets most of the water it needs from its prey. Long hairs between its toes make a cushion of fur over its foot pads, and its very wide ear canals give it an enhanced sense of hearing.

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Wildcat

Felis silvestris

In Britain, wildcats live only in small parts of the Scottish Highlands. A wildcat looks very similar to a very large tabby cat, but it is stockier, with a fluffier, blunt tail. It is very shy and almost entirely nocturnal.

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