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Wonders of the real world

Wonders of otters

Otters (the subfamily Lutrinae)

What makes an otter an otter

Otters are at home in the water and on land. Here are three things worth knowing about otters as a group.

Found on most continents

There are 13 species of otter. They live on every continent except Australia and Antarctica.

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A coat with two layers

Otters have two layers of fur. A thick undercoat traps air, and on top is a coat of long, waterproof guard hairs.

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Swimmers of the weasel family

Otters belong to the weasel family, which also includes badgers, mink and wolverines. They have powerful webbed feet that they use to swim.

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A brown otter swimming underwater with its long whiskers spread out in front of its face.

AI-generated illustration

Built for the water

How an otter finds its food

Otters spend most of their lives in the water, and their bodies are made for it. As an otter swims underwater, it can close off its ears and its nose. It can see just as well underwater as it can above. Its long, slightly flattened tail moves from side to side to push it along, while its back feet steer like rudders. Then there are the whiskers. An otter's rounded nose has whiskers above the lips that sense changes in the water current. They also sense prey, or a predator lurking in the water. These long, sensitive whiskers help otters find their food, even in murky water.

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Strange habit

The otters that juggle stones

Otters in zoos are often seen lying on their backs, batting stones into the air, catching them and rolling them over their chests and necks. Scientists at the University of Exeter set out to find out why, watching Asian small-clawed otters and smooth-coated otters. The otters juggled more when they were hungry, just before feeding time. Young otters and old otters juggled more than the adults in between. But the keenest jugglers were no better at solving food puzzles. The scientists say the real reason otters juggle is still a mystery.

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Three remarkable otters

A long dark brown giant otter with a creamy patch on its throat, standing up in a rainforest river.

AI-generated illustration

Giant otter

Pteronura brasiliensis

The longest member of the weasel family, reaching up to 1.8 metres, lives mostly in and along the Amazon River and in the Pantanal of South America. Each one has its own markings of white or cream fur on its throat and under its chin, so it can be told apart from birth.

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A brown otter with a white chin and throat holding a crab in its front paws beside a river.

AI-generated illustration

African clawless otter

Aonyx capensis

True to its name, it has no claws except on three toes of each back foot. It uses its front paws to search and dig on the muddy bottoms of ponds and rivers, and crabs are its preferred prey.

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A small dark brown otter with a pale throat sitting on wet rocks by the sea.

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Marine otter

Lontra felina

One of the smallest otters, and the smallest marine mammal, it lives only in salty coastal places, along the coast of Chile and into Peru. It avoids people, and it spends most of its time hidden in caves.

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The pictures on this page are AI-generated illustrations, not photographs. The facts are checked against the sources linked.